Diseases

The most common benign breast tumors are phyllodes tumor and fibroadenoma. They appear as unique lesions and arise from intralobular fibrous tissue. After some time they are differentiated as phyllodes tumor and fibroadenoma.  Phyllodes is a rare form of cancer that accounts for fewer than 1% of all breast cancers. …

Axonopathy is a main pathogenic driver or contributor to neurodegenerative disease manifestation. Both dendritic arbors and long axon processes should be maintained, as neurons have specialized anatomy. The neuron disconnects from its postsynaptic partners with the loss of the axon which ultimately eliminates the functionality of neural circuitry. The loss …

Almost 90 years old, the modified lip flap Martius is still an integral part of the modern vaginal surgeon’s arsenal. Here we describe this versatile and straightforward technique, avoidance of pitfalls, its benefits and applications in vaginal surgery, and short and long-term results. They usually see the scar report of …

Furlow Palatoplasty is also known as Furlow Z Plasty, is the procedure to treat a common complication in children named Velopharyngeal Insufficiency (VPI). Before coming to the main topic, we will first discuss what Velopharyngeal Insufficiency (VPI) is? When the average person is speaking, the soft palate called velum is lifted and is closed against …

Laparoscopic Sigmoid Colectomy is a surgery performed to treat or avoid diseases that occur in the intestinal colon. This surgery previously served as an open Colectomy. With the advancement of technology, doctors and surgeons prefer Laparoscopic Colectomy, which takes less time to heal and is not as painful as open …

Askin Tumor is a part of the Ewing Sarcoma family of tumors. This tumor occurs in the chest wall, ribcage, or soft tissue located in the chest wall. Previously, Askin Tumor was a separate body but until some time ago, added it to the Ewing Sarcoma family. It is treated …

Fracture is referred to as the stress applied on a bone that is higher in magnitude than the bearing strength of the bone. This damage to the integrity of bones is seen in all age groups involving children, teenagers, and adults. A fracture is categorized into two major types that …

What is Brenner’s tumor? Brenner tumors are a rare disease of the epithelial surface, more specifically ovary, but occur in other locations like testes. The development of solid, abnormal growth in the ovary. These tumors belong to a group of stromal tumors that lie in the class of ovarian neoplasm. …

A cyst is a cluster of sac-like fluid that can grow anywhere on your skin. Some of the cysts are severe and can cause cancer and other diseases. But, most of the cysts are non-cancerous. Various types of cysts incorporate epidermoid cyst, sebaceous cyst, Breast cyst, ganglion cysts, and many …

Pilonidal sinus is a benign disease in which a hole occurs in the midline above the buttocks. This condition is found in males six times more common than in females. This disease often takes a chronic course that may cause long term annoyance and disability in youngsters and adults. It …