Health Care

What is noncaseating granuloma? Granulomatous inflammation is a type of persistent inflammation that aids in preventing the spread of an infectious pathogen. This syndrome causes significant activation of T cells, which in turn activates macrophages. In this phase, macrophages acquire a substantial amount of cytoplasm and begin to resemble epithelial …

What is LAD Stenosis?  The cardiovascular system is a highly specialized and intricate web of blood vessels that includes the heart, veins, arteries, and capillaries. Although this system is extremely effective, several factors may prevent it from operating to its full capacity. One of these conditions is termed stenosis. Stenosis is …

What is a lateral browlift?  The brow lift is a cosmetic operation to realign the forehead, smooth out wrinkles, and improve the appearance of youth. Even after a permanent brow lift, certain fine lines and wrinkles can eventually reappear.  As people age, it is common to see that the natural …

The neck is made up of the lower edge of the mandible, the upper edge of the clavicle, the midline, and the front edge of the trapezius muscle. Between these two points, there are two main cervical triangles, the anterior and the posterior. The occipital and supraclavicular triangles make up …

What is the Gluteal fold? The gluteal fold or crease is the area right beneath the buttocks, specifically the space at the lower border of the gluteus maximus muscle, sometimes known as the upper thigh. It is difficult to get rid of the fat that collects in the gluteal furrow, …

The Medial Longitudinal Fasciculus is a fiber tract located ventrolaterally to the oculomotor nucleus that connects the trochlear nucleus, oculomotor nucleus, and abducens nucleus. The MLF helps with yoked eye movements.  Dysconjugate eye movements are a common symptom of multiple sclerosis due to lesions in the MLF. For example, depending on …

Saturday night palsy is a type of neuropathy that affects the radial nerve. It happens when an object or surface presses directly on the upper arm or axilla for a long time. Roots from the cervical spine (C5) to the first thoracic (T1) spinal nerve (R1) originate in the posterior …

Vertebrae are the bones that make up the spinal column. They contribute to the spinal cord’s protection. When the arches of the first cervical vertebra are broken, the resulting injury is known as a Jefferson fracture. The first cervical vertebra is the one at the very top of the spine …

A ventricular drain or ventriculostomy is a brief surgical procedure carried out in the head to insert a device that drains cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) accumulation in the brain. This apparatus is mostly installed in an external location, and its deployment is either temporary or permanent. The procedure targets the ventricles, which are …

Granulocytes are a type of immune cell that works to combat pathogens and repair damaged cells. Infections, cancer, inflammation, and a wide variety of other underlying health problems are associated with high levels. Low levels are mostly caused by infections, autoimmune diseases, medications, and a variety of other factors. Granulocytes are the predominant form …